Roman civilization is the world that is located centrally in the city of Rome today. The Roman civilization developed Latia Tribes who settled in the valley of the River Tiber. Latia tribe called their home 'Latium'. Latium is a mountain valley area where the land is good for agriculture. Residents then called the Latin Latium. In the beginning, in the Latium region Latin is alive and thriving nation and a civilization that produces high value.
Rome is the center of their culture lies at the mouth of the river Tiber. Time of the founding of Rome is located in the valley of the River Tiber is not known with certainty. Legend said that Rome was founded two brothers of Greek descent Aenas, Remus and Romulus.
"The old berita2, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus in 750. Remus and Romulus the son of Rhea silva, Aenas derivatives-a Trojan hero who can escape the Trojans defeated and burned by the Jujani "
The Romans had faith in the gods, like those in Greece. It's just the gods in roman different than in Greece. The gods are believed by the Romans, among others:
A. Jupiter (the king of the gods)
2. Juno (goddess of the household)
3. Minerus (goddess of knowledge)
4. Venus (goddess of beauty)
5. Mars (the god of war)
6. Neptenus (god of the sea)
7. Diana (goddess of the hunt)
8. Bacchus (the god of wine)
Roma managed to subdue the peoples who live around them one by one, either by road or street kekrasan peace. Until finally the Romans managed to master the whole of Central Italy.
Prior to that, approximately 492 years, Latium Region as a place dominated by the founding of Rome Etruskia kingdom, which is adjacent to north up to the year 500 BC. In the year 500 BC, the kingdom of Latium revolted against Etruskia and managed memerdekaan themselves and establish their own country a republic. Since then, Rome became a republic and head of state called consuls elected each year. Consul in addition to state authorities and the commander is also the chairman of the senate.
The Romans originally farmers, after defeating the ruling Etruskia later became the ruler of the territory manaklukan luasa to the Mediterranean Sea. This nation became the first farmer capitalist and materialist society. Aside from being a nation that likes to battle the Romans also amassed a fortune as venture capital. Membali their fields and then penggarapannya performed by slaves imported from the colonies.
Gaius Julius Caesar ruler to expand its territory to Germany, Belgium, Holland and even to cross the Channel to England Calis. Apart from being an absolute ruler Julius Caesar is also developing a new calendar called the Julian calendar. This calendar continues to be used until later updated by Gregory, later known as the Gregory calendar. Julius Caesar was assassinated by Brutus and Casinus who wanted a Republican form of government. However, the ideals of the people that did not work and still maintain a system of dictatorship. Julius Caesar's adopted son named Roman Oktvaianus can then re-mastered and ruled by a dictator.
In his power, Octavian lot surrounded by smart people, so he can rule for a long time. Octavian by the Senate was given the title "Augustus" which means "the Most Venerable". With stability during the reign of Emperor Octavianus the field of culture began to receive attention.
Roman culture had basic elements of Greek culture and Etrusia. This means that the Roman culture is the result of a combination of Greek culture and Etrusia, tanapa there are elements of Roman culture itself.
At the time of Octavian, the Roman people see things from the point of usefulness. Roman view of life is to give color to the religious life. Fitting those expressed by Cicero, that religion is for them not to educate men to virtue, but a man healthy and wealthy. With a practical view of life has become a major feature of the Roman people.
In the field of science, the Romans are not the creator of the theories, but implementing the theory that has existed since ancient Greece. With this chain which seemed to break in the development of science becomes grows back. When the Greek scholars are theorists, the Roman scholar is expert practice.
Octavianus period is a period of refinement and culture of Roman art. Influence of Greek culture since the strong start to the year 146 BC along with the effort to defeat the Romans in the Mediterranean. During Roman rule, Roman art spread to Europe and the Mediterranean.
Roman art is actually a mixing of the two elements of art and culture, which is an area that is Roman and Greek art Etruskia power. On this cultural hekakatnya not come from ordinary people melinkan of the nobility. Class of great artists, such as those found in Greece, Rome does not exist. Indeed the Romans brought artists from Greece. Therefore, the influence of the Roman Greece is very strong. Politics and art and culture of Rome under the Etruskia. Thus the Roman art is essentially a blending of cultural elements Etruskia and Greece which became a new cultural arts.
The Romans like to create things on a large scale because they like something grand, luxurious, and monumental, as well as attract attention. All the work culture, especially the works of art, whether it be the art of building, sculpture or relief, as well as his art made completely besr, majestic, and full of trimmings. The Romans created a masterpiece menggumkan building techniques, such as building water channels (Aquaduct), bridges, large buildings and market halls, buildings for sports and performing arts (Thermen, theater, amphitheater). In addition to the above, there are also banguan persemayam temple to the god. The Romans continued the knowledge of the Greeks, among others, construction of buildings with arches to make the rooms to be spacious.
Building a dome roof for the first time created around the year 30 BC to the building in Baaie Thermae. They are also building public buildings such as roads. The highway is the famous street Via Apia.
The houses are built the temple deity or large size. Temples that are large, among others, Paste Jupiter (the 6th century BC), Appolo and Venus in Rome. For each building the temple in Tinga-use poles. Rod roof pillars used to use the column with characteristics such Yunanni Doria, Ionia, and Korinthia.
The Romans are also experts in making sculpture, especially sculpture half a chest or a portrait. Face shape is made with great accuracy, while the body and the other is more simple. Skills to make this sculpture relate to the habits of the nation's leading families who like to make a statue of Roman ancestors in large quantities and very thorough. Usually nenak ancestor statues kept in the home and placed in a special room called the Atrium. Atrium is also equipped with the altar.
Romans in making sculpture has the same habits with the Greeks. In sculpture, the Romans always mematungkan authority figures, political figures and scholars. A lot of authority figures, political figures and scholars who serve as a background in sculpture as the face of Julius Caesar character, August, Tuchidides, Demosthenes, Caracalla, and others. Picture the faces of the figures are in addition to dipatungkan also depicted on a coin.
The Romans also delighted in the beauty of her home. Wall of the house decorated with a painting to give the impression area. Adorn the walls of this unusual activity on the walls by painting landscapes and buildings that house as if seen from the window. Painting on the walls of the house by the Romans turned out to imitate the Greeks. Thus the way to paint a painting done by the Romans memdapat basar influence of Greece. Of the art of painting on this wall are found relics of Roman society is the result of culture. One of the many cultural relics are relics of a house wall paintings found in Pompeii. Other relics are in Rome depicting the bride and her friends are preparing for the marriage ceremony. In addition to the wall of the house, painting is also found on bowls, vases, plates and place flowers.
The Romans are pleased to make the building a monumental lead this nation rich with the results of monuments and buildings of the temple. The monument was created by the Romans in the form of the gate of triumph or victory pole. Digunaakn building this monument to commemorate a historical event. At the monument was given banguan reliefs depicting the victory of events. There are monuments of art in Rome and the Roman colonies in some areas.
Constitutional changes of the Roman republic to empire did not loosen the spirit form and cultural development of the people of Rome to establish the building of monumental buildings. Only, if the supporters of the republic of arts and culture made by the nobles. However, after becoming the empire, which supports art and culture is the class of the palace. Since the emperor August, art and culture tend to form the art of ancient elbih are oriented in Greece.
Each Roman emperor who ruled beruapa always leave the building arts and culture monuments. Habits by kiasar-emperor was done as a means to show his services to the state. So since kiasar-emperor in power, many large and magnificent buildings was established by using the material of marble.
Relics of Roman art at the time of empire building is of very much. Banguan-banguan monmen include:
1. Temple of Zeus at Olympia established.
2. Temple of Jupiter in Ba'albek Heliopalitanus (syria)
3. Pantheon is a temple which is then used for the church.
4. Mousoleum in Rome founded in 175 BC.
Mousoleum is building a beautiful tomb. On the side of the room Mousoleum dihiasai ddengan various beautiful ornaments.
5. Theater at Pompeii, solona, and Asperados.
6. Amphitheater
Amphpiteater is a fusion of two pieces of theater that is used for the show to complain to the castle and gladiator fights, where the audience sits around, the more backward the higher. Amphipater at the time of the emperor Vespasian (695 BC) used to show war as on the high seas and the Circus (circus), a place to race horses pull two-wheeled cart.
7. Thermen
A bathing place with an aqueous bath spaces arrow, watery hot and cold.
8. Building castles
9. Gate kemenengan
10. The pole victory
In the Gothic period (100 - 1400 AD), Roman culture is inseparable from the development of the Christian religion. Christian or Nazarene religion has actually grown since the reign of Tiberius. Religion is published by Jesus (Jesus) of Nazareth, who was born in Palestine. Christianity is different from the belief that the Roman people poltheis. Christianity has a monotheistic faith. By considerations of political and state security, Tiberius sentenced Jesus to death in the year 33. But Jesus' death does not mean Christianity vanish from kehiduapan Roman society, on the contrary.
After Jesus was crucified on the Mount Isa or Prophet Gologota, Christianity evolved to Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor, and to Rome. Nearly three centuries the followers of Christianity in fear and being chased by the Romans. In the year 395 established Christianity as the state religion. Of the adherents gradually arose a form of ecclesiastical groups are arranged according to organizations in the Imperium Romanum (Roman ruler).
Christian art of the Gothic period experiencing barriers caused by the displacement of Konsatantinopel government to Byzantium. Roman Empire has split into the Western Roman and Byzantine. Collapse of the Western Roman year 335 AD
When the Romans are still hostile to the followers of Christian religion, in Rome itself clandestinely developing Katamba art. Since then the birth of art catacombs which marks the birth meruapakn early Christian art. Itself a catacomb of underground tombs.
Later in Roman society during the Gothic has always been the habit to gather in the tunnel space with the aim of holding religious activities. From the frequent gatherings are held, then developed the habit of people to decorate the walls with ancient motifs. Classical motifs drawn within the walls of this tunnel, and then displaced by the development of modern motives or new. The new motifs are formed as human beings and animals symbolically represented the interests of the Christian religion. This early Christian artwork among other paintings of Christ as a "good shepherd". In general, the develops the art catacombs are not artists. For those who are able to express the meaning erpenting and ideas through painting, and as their devotion to Christianity. However, it was "artists" these catacombs became a pioneer in medieval art nonrelistik.
When the church had independence back in the 4th century, and made Christianity the official religion, the church began the development of art banguan. At that time, the architects built the church by using the basic concept of the art building to the Roman basilica, a building for public meetings rectangular. The next development is the bell tower of the church buildings on the bad-6.
Arts building on the church building is a building with a floor plan centered geraja and using floor plans and vaulted basilica with elongated or flat ceiling or a curved cross. Examples of art in the church building is a church building in Mantua and the church St.Andrea St.Novella in Feirence.
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