Revealing the Mystery of Atlantis

The fellow who likes to read or study books about modern human migration based onmolecular genetic analysis (DNA), must have read the name of Stephen Oppenheimer.



Oppenheimer is one of the main character of this area, which is productive to write the results of his research. Currently Oppenheimer originally a pediatrician and had served in Africa, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea is a research associate at the Institute of Human Sciences, Oxford University.




One of his famous book "Out of Eden: the Peopling of the World" (2004). This is a comprehensive book on the history of the occupation of all land on Earth by modern humans based on DNA analysis on all nations.

Oppenheimer was ever involved in a massive project for mapping the human genomearound the world. From there he got the data to compile the book. Through this book, wecan guess easily that Oppenheimer was a defender of human migration thinking: Out of Africa, and Multiregional attack.

But we will not discuss the book, we will discuss about his other books, which sparked the debate.

In 1998, Oppenheimer published a book that shook the scientific archeology andpaleoanthropology, "Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia".




This book is important for us because Oppenheimer based his controversial thesis on the geology of Sunderland. In short, this book advanced the thesis that Sundaland is the Garden of Eden (Garden of Eden), a highly cultured region, but then sinks, then the occupants fled everywhere: Eurasia, Madagascar, and Oceania and the lower the new races. From this book never appeared Oppenheimer signaled that Sundaland is the Lost Atlantis - the lost continent culturally advanced.

Oppenheimer's thesis (1998) clearly overturning the concept so far that these people came from Indonesia occupants Sundaland mainland Asia, not vice versa. Was Oppenheimercorrect? Research and debate on Oppenheimer's thesis has been running 10 years. Here we will discuss some recent debate. Previously, little about the summary of the thesisOppenheimer (1998) it.

In "Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia", Oppenheimer hypothesize that the nations of Eurasia have ancestors from Sundanese land. This hypothesis is based on research he wakes up on geology, archaeology, genetics, linguistk, and folkloreor mythology.

Based on geological, Oppenheimer noted that there has been a sea level rise with ebb last Ice Age. The sea rose as high as 500 feet in the period 14000-7000years ago and have been drowned  Sundanese land .

Archaeology proves that  Sundanese land  has a high culture before flooding occurs. Sea-level rise has caused the human inhabitants of  Sundanese land  spread everywhere looking for high area. There was a huge wave of migration towards Eurasia.

Oppenheimer track the migration path is based on genetics, linguistics, and folklore. Until now people have Eurasian myths about the Great Flood, according to Oppenheimer was derived from his ancestors. Hypothesis Oppenheimer (1998) which we call the "Out of Sunderland" has broad implications.

There's even a mention that the Garden of Eden (Eden) was not in the Middle East, but rather in  Sundanese land . Adam and Eve are not races of Mesopotamia, but the race Sundanese!. Well ... widespread implications not it?

Hypothesis Oppenheimer (1998) both immediately sparked debate among geneticists,linguistics, and mythology. We will summarize some of the debate the pros and cons of the latest (2007-2008). In the latest of his books (Out of Eden, 2004; and the Origins of the British, 2007), Oppenheimer did not mention once that his thesis  Sundanese land .

Latest rebuttal comes from the fields of mythology in an International Conference of the Association for Comparative Mythology that took place in Edinburgh 28 to 30 August 2007.



Wim van Binsbergen

 During the meeting, Wim van Binsbergen, an expert on mythology from the Netherlands, submitted a paper entitled:

"A new Paradise myth? An Assessment of Stephen Oppenheimer's thesis of the South East Asian Origin of West Asian Core Myths, Including Most of the Mythological Contentsof Genesis 1-11".

This paper raises objections on Oppenheimer's thesis that people Sundaland ancestors ofthe people of Western Asia. Binsbergen (2007) analyze the arguments based on thecomplementary Archaeological, linguistic, genetic, Ethnographic, and comparativemythological Perspectives.

According Binsbergen (2007), Oppenheimer Sundaland mainly basing his scenario on the basis of mythology. Center for West Asian mythology (Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve,the fall, Cain and Abel, the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel) hypothesized Oppenheimeras a prototype mythology of Southeast Asia / Oceania, particularly Sundaland.

Although Oppenheimer has received positive response from archaeologists who got the Southeast Asian specialties, Oppenheimer had no solid evidence or research toarchaeological details of the trans-continental Sundaland into Eurasia.

Binsbergen (2007) challenged the hypothesis Oppenheimer detailed above argumentsusing comparative mythology. Here are some objections to this hypothesis:

(1) Objection methodology (how the myth of the Sundaland / Oceania who was only the 19th century AD may have been ancestral myths in Western Asia an age 3000 years BC?)

(2) The difficulty will be to compare with theoretical believe the myth of an age thousands of years apart and cross-continental distances, also the actual content of the details differ

(3) monosentrik view (eg from Sundaland) alone is not in accordance with the cultural history of anatomically modern humans (younger than the upper Paleolithic)

(4) Oppenheimer did not include elements of the natural catastrophe that could change the path of human migration

(5) The myth that the Great Flood covered the whole world must be interpreted in view of the world over that time, not the views of the world as it is now.

In comparative mythology The previous meeting (Kyoto, 2005, Beijing 2006), Binsbergen propose a broader view and coherent about the long history of Old World mythology who had a complex transmission and multi centric, not rigid like a hypothesis monosentrikOppenheimer (1998). Winsbergen also supports his thesis was based on molecular genetics using mitochondrial DNA type B.

That's the latest refutation of the thesis Oppenheimer (1998). Recent support for the hypothesis Oppenheimer (1998), has recently come from a group of researchersarkeogenetika which is partly a colleague Oppenheimer.

The group of researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Leedspeneltiannya announced the results in the journal "Molecular Biology and Evolution" issuein March and May 2008 in a paper titled:

"Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia"
(Soares et al., 2008)

and

"New DNA Evidence Overturns Population Migration Theory in Island Southeast Asia"(Richards et al., 2008).

 Richards et al. (2008) based on DNA studies challenge the current conventional theorythat the current population of Southeast Asia (Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia) came from Taiwan 4000 (Neolithikum) years ago. The research team showed precisely the opposite is true and earlier, that the population of Taiwan originated from Sundaland population who migrate because of the Great Flood in Sundaland.

Solving the lines of mitochondrial DNA (which inherited the women) have evolved quite a long time in Southeast Asia since modern humans first came to this area about 50,000years ago.

Characteristic DNA lines indicate the spread of population at the same time with risingsea levels in this region and also show migrations into Taiwan, east to New Guinea andthe Pacific, and westward to the mainland of Southeast Asia - in 10,000 years.

Meanwhile, Soares et al. (2008) showed that haplogroup E, an important component of the diversity of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA), evolved during the last 35,000 years, andsuddenly dramatically spread throughout the islands of Southeast Asia in the periodaround the early Holocene, at the same time with Sundaland sinking into seas of Java,Malacca, and beyond.



Then this component reaches Taiwan and Oceania more recently, around 8000 years ago.This proves that global warming and sea-level at the end of the Ice Age Rises 15000-7000years ago, as the prime mover of human diversity in this region.

Oppenheimer in his book "Eden in the East" (1998) it is hypothesized that there are three periods after the Ice Age floods that forced the inhabitants of Sundaland to flee by boat or walk into areas that do not flood.

By examining the mitochondrial DNA of the people of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, wenow have strong evidence that supports the Flood Theory. It's also probably why Southeast Asia has the most rich myths about the Great Flood than other nations.

Well, that, quite exciting to follow the debate is brewing geology, genetics, molecular biology, linguistics, and this mythology. Which party would be supported or refuted?Instead, go over the details to the problem that we are strong arguments, so judging the debate.

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That's strange cultures We Rarely See

Whole Body Tattoo

These are all committed to a specific person or tribe can say beautiful in their own versions.



Although, to pursue the predicate beautiful, one must be willing to feel the extreme pain.Pictured above is a full-body tattoos, so people who tattooed all over his body, would seemfully dressed, even though he was stark naked. Pretty strange.

Crocodile teeth



In New Guinea, a person is mature and fashionable, when it has a tattoo of crocodile teeth.They draw a motif or symbol in the body with alligator teeth. If the wounds had healed, then he will get relief on his back. Uh .. sick!

Face Full of Wounds



West Africans make cuts in order to be recognized upfront. whether the wound was made ​​by what means, and how it feels. But clearly it is more costly than routine care every day.

Her feet Less



Since childhood, the girls in china has done this terrible leg cuts. Look at the wound. This was done so small that his feet could fit on a typical small shoes china. The smaller thesize of his shoes, the more beautiful she is.

Sharpening Teeth



If our teeth hit something hard it hurts, especially if you have made ​​pointed like this picture.imagine the taste? Many cultures around the world embrace the beauty of this pointy teeth.If you've entered adulthood, his teeth must be sharpened by sharpened. A person can faint while doing so.

Tongue Tree



Actually the idea is the tongue of reptiles, so that human tongue should be sliced ​​in the middle to like it. He must bear the risk of infection and difficult to eat while doing so. And the result .. a silly tongue.

Tight Corset 



European aristocratic girl antiquity, carries on this painful every day. Rope corset in drag as strong as possible in order to look slim and beautiful body. The risk of breathlessness and bone pain is the consequence. But this is considered more effective than engage in dieting to maintain the body shape.

Bracelet neck



Padaung, located in the mountains of Burma to Thailand, has a unique habit of this. They put the bracelet on the woman's neck. The more bracelets and the longer the neck, the more beautiful she is. Incredible pain should be felt for years. The risk broken neck and died waiting. If the bracelet has been installed, is not allowed to take it off. Because if everything is removed, a few minutes later, his neck broken.

Lip Plate 



It's the most bizarre in my opinion .. really uncomfortable to have lips like this. But the Ethiopians think this is beautiful ... It's pretty weird ..


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The story of Cleopatra, the Queen of Legendary

The story of Cleopatra has never lost the charm, despite thousands of years had passedsince he lives in the world. Mystery about him is always interesting to examined, and her love stories never cracked by the time to be revealed again.



The face of Cleopatra is known from coins and statues were found. The Roman historiantells us that Cleopatra was ugly woman, but because at that time is the enemy of the Roman Cleo, then denigrating portrayals of Cleo might be a bit hyperbolic.

The Egyptian carvings show a figure of Cleo soft and beautiful eyes. Like any true face ofCleo, she is a woman who is very charming, intelligent amazing, and has a strongcharisma. Cleopatra also narrated mastered nine languages​​.



The figure of Cleopatra in Roman sculpture.



Egyptian carvings depicting the face.



Statue of Cleopatra in Egypt.

Cleopatra is very intelligent and has a strong personality. He is a descendant of Ptolemythe bloody Greek, and derived from the Macedonian. He managed to survive in the family,where the brothers are ready to kill each other for power.

Cleopatra is the name Macedonianya, while the throne name Mesirnya is Netjeret Mer-it-ice, which means 'father's favorite goddess'.

Cleopatra was crowned queen at the age of 18. He married his sister 12-year-old, wholater became king.

The practice of incest (marrying a sibling) is a habit in those days in the culture of Egypt,because they are considered descendants of Pharaoh as a god, and god only fellow whocan marry.

As to the throne, Cleo received pharaoh symbols, namely the golden rod, whip, and scepter. He wore a robe of linen and leather garments official. Gold ribbon called coileduraeus on his head, revealing a cobra, the snake keeper of the Egyptians.



Engraving depicting the coronation of a Queen Cleopatra of Egypt.

To strengthen its position in the eyes of the people of Egypt, daughter of Cleo calls himself the most powerful god, the Sun God Ra or Amun.He himself has a personal protective goddesses, namely Isis. The Egyptians saw Isis as a goddess who loved all creatures good. The pharaoh consider their true mother. In ritual ceremonies, Cleopatra often play herself as the Goddess Isis, the protector of all the people of Egypt.

Isis, the goddess protector of Cleopatra (left) and temples to the gods (right)Cleopatra's palace located in Alexandria, a bustling port town in the Mediterranean. To give direction to the sailors that will be anchored, Ptolemy II (predecessor pharaoh Cleopatra) Pharos lighthouse built in the 3rd century BC.The lighthouse is over 100 meters high, surrounded by gardens, and on top there is a statue of the god Zeus who rotating beacon on top of a burning fire.Alexandria is a very beautiful city. The main road, called canopic jar, stretching from east to west width of 30 meters, with palm trees lined on either side.To the north stands the palace and the Museion, where the artists and students together.Underneath there is the tomb of Alexander the Great, founder of the city of Alexandria, and Ptolemy all the family tomb.In the south stood the temples are very beautiful. Alexandria Bibliotheca Alexandrina Library also has a very large, with more than 100,000 papyrus scrolls, a copy of almost every book in the world at that time.

The picture above is a library of ancient Alexandria. Now been built into a modern library and is one of the most complete libraries in the world.Cleopatra's palace overlooking the port of Alexandria. White building with pillars that lined the high, surrounded by beautiful gardens and fragrant scent.On a hot afternoon, Cleo like a stroll along a shaded path shade of a tree, and the breeze that blows.Linger at home he sits in the temple courtyard surrounded by birds meraknya beautiful, exotic fountains, and ponds with lotus flowers blue and white.Cleo also has a zoo with a collection of rare animals such as lions, tigers, leopards, elephants, and bears. The collection was a gift from the kings and the rich African kingdoms in the East.These animals are maintained in the park around the palace, was given a gold chain and dressed with jewels and beautiful clothes.

Cleopatra relaxing in the garden palace with her ladies-in-waiting.Like the modern woman, Cleo likes to look beautiful all the time. He uses a variety of makeup and wigs (wigs).Cleo cosmetics made from herbs and minerals, such as copper ore and lead ore mixed with water. Gray mineral called galena and crushed to blacken the eye, while making iron oxide yellow brownish color on the lips and cheeks.For perfume, Cleo using cedar oil or cinnamon, honey, and sweet-scented incense.Cleo also like to enjoy herbal baths, mud baths and milk baths. He often over-massage by ladies-in-waiting, then the fingernails and feet decorated with henna dye.

Cleopatra beauty care, assisted the ladies in waiting.At that time, the Roman Empire is very ambitious to rule Egypt, a country rich and fertile.Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt, trying by all means to protect Egypt from Roman domination.Knowing the Egyptian army would not be able to fight the Roman army, then Cleo approached the leader of the Roman general, Julius Caesar.Caesar was captivated and madly in love for Cleo. He married Cleo, though in fact he already had a wife in Roman named Calpurnia. Because of the love and admiration for Cleo, Caesar let Cleo remains a queen in her own country.After the killing of Caesar by the Roman Senate, Cleo felt compelled to seek another patron that he could remain a queen in Egypt.The choice fell on Mark Antony, Julius Caesar's friend and lieutenant. Antony is a captain of cavalry. It was he who controls the entire Mediterranean region.When he knew Antony would come to see him, Cleo prepares a special welcome, which will never be forgotten by Antony.Gilded royal ship, so it will be sparkling when exposed to sunlight. The screen is made of purple silk and has been soaked in perfume scent so that the wind blowing along the river.Shiny silver oar move the ship, while the rowers moved in rhythm flute sound.Cleo himself sat on the throne with closing curtains flapped like a cloud of gold. Some boys who dress up like Cupid, the god of Asmara, fanning him with peacock feathers.Lady's maid sitting around, playing the fairy called Grace and Neried, sprinkled rose petals and candy ready to offer them a tapering fingers.

Cleopatra in his luxury ship welcomed Mark Antony.As Julius Caesar, Mark Antony also to his knees in the presence of Cleopatra. She became Queen of Egypt's lover, and would rather stay in the palace Cleo than taking care of his troops and fought to conquer new colonies.Caesar's heir, Octavian, very angry, and with the intention of attacking the Roman army in Egypt Cleopatra and Antony. Antony lost the battle at Actium, and finally decided to commit suicide.After the death of Antony, Cleo feel unable to defend Egypt from the onslaught of Octavianus.He could not see his beloved country would be destroyed Roman. He also was not going to be a prisoner by Octavian and paraded in humiliation in front of his own people.So when the Roman army arrived in Egypt, Cleo end his life by allowing the snakes are very poisonous asp to bite her.Cleopatra died with the crown still on his head. He never lost his throne. He would rather die than fall into the hands of the man who will insult and keratuan snatch from him.Cleopatra, women are brave, intelligent, and hard-hearted. Is fitting if the legends about her timeless all time.

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